

I don’t know if it was the case in other countries but in Belgium a very popular app used to store loyalty cards was bought by Klarna. It was not really clear that you could continue to use the old app for a while and not switch to Klarna. So I know a lot of people that just installed the app just to be able to have access to their cards.
From Belgium it was also necessary to provide your social security number. And as more EU countries are moving towards e-id, I would assume there will be a negligible amount of non-EU signings.